Different Types of Diabetes Medications and Their Side Effects
Diabetes is a condition where blood sugar levels rise and need to be managed with medication. There are various types of diabetes medications available, each with its own set of benefits and potential side effects.
1. Biguanides: Metformin
Metformin is a type of biguanide used to help control blood sugar levels.
- Product Name: Glucophage
- Administration: Taken with meals
- Effect: Metformin works by suppressing glucose production in the liver and increasing insulin sensitivity in the muscles, helping to stabilize blood sugar levels.
2. Sulfonylureas
Sulfonylureas stimulate beta cells in the pancreas to promote insulin secretion and aid in blood sugar control.
| Content | Product Name | Administration |
| Sulfonylureas | Amaryl | Before breakfast or first meal of the day |
| Gliclazide Diamicron SR | With breakfast | |
| Glimepiride Amaryl | Before meals | |
| Glipizide Diamicron MR | After meals |
3. Meglitinides
Meglitinides work by stimulating beta cells in the pancreas to increase insulin secretion, aiding in blood sugar regulation.
| Content | Product Name | Administration |
| Repaglinide Novonorm | Before meals | |
| Mitiglinide, Glufast | With meals | |
| Nateglinide Starlix | Within 30 minutes before meals |
4. Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors delay carbohydrate digestion, slowing down glucose absorption and helping with blood sugar control.
5. Thiazolidinediones
Thiazolidinediones enhance insulin action, aiding in blood sugar regulation and stability.
6. Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (DPP-4) Inhibitors
DPP-4 inhibitors activate incretin hormones to stimulate insulin secretion and help with blood sugar control.
It is crucial to be aware of the possible side effects that may arise from diabetes medications, which can vary depending on the type of medication, dosage, and individual patient conditions.
Common Side Effects of Diabetes Medications
- Biguanides: Digestive issues, abdominal discomfort, diarrhea, altered taste, skin changes.
- Sulfonylureas: Hypoglycemia, gastrointestinal disturbances, skin rash.
- Meglitinides: Hypoglycemia, digestive issues, headache, dizziness.
- Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors: Gastrointestinal disturbances, abdominal discomfort, excessive gas, diarrhea.
- Thiazolidinediones: Weight gain, edema, headache, potential risk of osteoporosis.
- DPP-4 Inhibitors: Digestive issues, abdominal discomfort, headache.
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